Acquisitions: Library of Congress Acquires Rare Codex From Central Mexico

From The Library of Congress:

The Library of Congress has acquired the San Salvador Huejotzingo Codex, which documents legal proceedings from 1571 in which Indigenous Nahuatl officials in central Mexico accused their village’s Spanish canon, or administrator, of mistreatment, harassment and underpayment.

The codex contains new details about the earliest legal structures in Mexico after Spanish colonization and the way Indigenous people used Spanish laws to defend their rights. The codex is one of only six 16^th century pictorial manuscripts from central Mexico known to still exist.

“The San Salvador Codex adds significantly to the Library’s collection of Indigenous manuscripts from the early contact period,” said John Hessler, curator of the Library’s Jay I. Kislak Collection of the Archaeology and History of the Early Americas. “It is by any measure a world-class acquisition.”

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Of the six known manuscripts from this era in central Mexico, the Library now holds three with this latest acquisition. The Huexotzinco Codex, acquired by the Library in the late 1920s as part of the Edward S. Harkness Collection, also narrates a legal dispute between representatives of the Spanish colonial government and the Nahua people of Huexotzinco. The Library acquired the Codex Quetzalecatzin in 2017.

The San Salvador Codex has 96 pages on 48 folios and includes six foldout drawings in Mixtec and Nahuatl hieroglyphs in red, yellow, coffee, green, blue and black carbon ink. Written by at least two different Indigenous hands, the hieroglyphs illustrate charges against Alonso Jiménez, the canon of San Salvador, a village to the south of Mexico City. Jiménez, a church official, administered the village on behalf of Spanish colonial authorities.

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The codex provides a complete picture of the lawsuits: the Indigenous testimony in Nahautl, the cannon’s defense in Spanish, signatures of the parties, drawings and even the verdict. The court acquitted the canon on some of the charges and found him guilty of others.

The manuscript will be available on loc.gov in the coming weeks once the cataloging process is complete.

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